pgaiims-Fort-Worth-Star-Telegram

Root of mesentery is crossed by,

a. Horizontal part of duodenum.

b. Left gonadal vessels.

c. Left ureter.

d. Superior mesenteric artery.




Structures crossed by root of mesentery:

1. Horizontal (3rd) and Ascending (4th) part of duodenum.
2. Abdominal aorta.
3. IVC.
4. Right Ureter.
5. Right Psoas major.
6. Right gonadal vessels.

MNEMONIC: HAI Red PUG



Answer: a. Horizontal part of duodenum

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by all except:

a. Amyloidosis.

b. Hypothyroidism.

c. Addisson's disease.

d. Diabetes mellitus.




Answer: c. Addison's disease.

Sphincter of Oddi consists of how many sphincters :

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5




Sphincter of Oddi consists of:

1. Superior choledochal sphincter.
2. Inferior choledochal sphincter.
3. Pancreatic sphincter.
4. Sphincter ampullae.


Answer: c. 4 sphincters

Trochlear Nerve- all are true except:

a. Longest intracranial course.

b. Arises from dorsum of brainstem.

c. Supply ipsilateral superior oblique muscle.

d. Enters orbit through sup. orbital fissure, outside annulus of Zinn.

See the crossing over of the nerves on the dorsum to opposite sides.

See trochlear lying outside annulus of Zinn

Answer: c. Supplies ipsilateral superior oblique muscle.

3. The weight of the upper limb is transmitted to axial skeleton by all except:

a. Coraco-acromial ligament.

b. Claviculo-clavicular ligament.

c. Costo-clavicular ligament.

d. Acromio-clavicular ligament.





The answer is obvious from the above diagram, as coraco-acromial is between the two parts of the scapula itself.

Coraco-clavicular is the major ligament transmitting upper limb weight to the clavicle.




STERNO-CLAVICULAR JOINT:



Answer: c. Coraco-acromial ligament.

2. Vertical crest in fundus of the internal auditory canal is known as :

a. Bill's bar.

b. Ponticulus.

c. Cog.

d. Falciform crest.

The internal auditory canal is the bony channel in the posterior fossa, that houses the facial (VII), cochlear and vestibular (VIII) nerves. At the fundus it is split horizontally by the falciform or transverse crest. The superior portion of the canal above the transverse crest is again split into anterior and posterior parts by vertical crest or Bill's bar.

It is used as a surgical landmark for facial nerve identification during translabyrinthine surgery.



Contents of the Internal Auditory Canal


7.Up = Cranial nerve 7 ("7-up, coke down")
BB = The Bill bar
Coke = Cochlear nerve ("7-up, coke down")
IVN = Inferior vestibular nerve
SVN = Superior vestibular nerve
TC = Transverse crest

Answer: a. Bill's bar.

1. In a subclavian artery block at outer border of first rib, all of the following arteries help in maintaining the circulation to upper limb except:

a. Subscapular artery.

b. Superior thoracic artery.

c. Thyrocervical trunk.

d. Suprascapular artery.

Scapular anastomosis between

1st part of Subclavian   and 3rd part of Axillary arteries


Axillary artery -divided by pectoralis minor into 3 parts

Branches:

1st part- one----->     Superior Thoracic artery

2nd part- two ----->  Thoraco-acromial artery
                                  Lateral thoracic artery

3rd part- three -----> Subscapular artery.
                                  Anterior circumflex humeral a.
                                  Posterior circumflex humeral a.

Mnemonic: She Tastes Like Sweet Apple Pie.

Subclavian Artery- divided by scalenus anterior into 3 parts:

Branches:

1st part: ---> Vertebral artery
                      Internal Thoracic
                      Thyrocervical trunk---->3 branches --Inferior thyroid,
                                                                                 Transverse (sup) cervical,
                                                                                 Suprascapular   


2nd part----> Costocervical trunk---->2 br-- Superior intercostal a.
                                                                       Deep cervical a.


3rd part-----> No branch ( occ dorsal scapular a. or suprascapular)


Mnemonic: VITamin C & D



Very Tired Individuals Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily:

Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
---Inferior thyroid
---Superficial cervical
---Suprascapular
Costocervical
---Superior intercostal
---Deep cervical




                                                                                     
                   

Axillary- branches

Answer: b. Superior thoracic artery